Privacy is the right of individuals to control their personal information, their physical and digital spaces, and their personal choices. It covers many aspects: the confidentiality of communications, protection against unwanted surveillance, control over personal data like location and contacts, and the freedom to make decisions about family life and bodily autonomy without undue interference. In the digital age, huge volumes of personal data are collected by apps, websites, devices and governments, making privacy both more important and more vulnerable.

Legal recognition of privacy as a fundamental right means that the state must respect and protect it, and that any limitations require strong justification and safeguards. For ordinary users, privacy concerns show up in everyday situations: apps asking for unnecessary permissions, websites tracking browsing behaviour, data breaches exposing stored information, and targeted advertising based on detailed profiles. People can protect themselves by reviewing app permissions, using strong passwords and two‑factor authentication, being cautious about what they share on social media, using privacy settings carefully, and thinking twice before uploading documents or photos to untrusted services. A broader culture of privacy also requires clear laws, transparent policies from companies, and public awareness.